Mind Over Matter is Not a Cliché: Living as the Image of God

Mind Over Matter is Not a Cliché: Living as the Image of God

One of the most powerful things in the world is the human mind. God created a marvel of inconceivable engineering that produces a phenomenon going well beyond the mere matter of the machine running it, the brain. These two things, the immaterial mind and the material brain, have been a topic of much debate in the history of modern philosophy. Or how is it that an immaterial mind interacts with a material brain. Atheist/materialist philosophers, those who believe only the material exists, believe the mind is the brain, or it is merely the mechanical processes of the brain accounting for what we call the mind. Yet, the thing this mind creates or reflects, consciousness, appears to be far more than the sum of its parts. Atheist philosopher, Thomas Nagel wrote a short book titled, Mind & Cosmos, to grapple with this issue and concludes it is impossible for the mere matter of the mind to account for consciousness. Here is how he explains the issue:

Even if there is a residual problem of exactly how to account for consciousness in physical terms, the orthodox naturalistic (materialist) view is that biology is in principle completely explained by physics and chemistry, and that evolutionary psychology provides a rough idea of how everything distinctive about human life can also be regarded as an extremely complicated consequence of the behavior of physical particles in accordance with certain fundamental laws. This will ultimately include an explanation of the cognitive capacities that enable us to discover those laws.

Shazam! How convenient, and all this by chance. As I taught my kids growing up, and will now be teaching our grandchildren, when confronted with something insanely complex and amazing beyond human comprehension to grasp, they should proclaim out loud, Praise Chance! It’s a sly way to mock the pretensions of atheist/materialist claims.

Nagel raises the difficult question of where those “fundamental laws” came from, not to mention the material stuff that for no reason at all turned into the “extremely complicated” brain that somehow magically produces mind, or consciousness. Nagel admits the atheist/materialist has no answer in the subtitle of his book: “Why the materialist neo-Darwinian conception of nature is almost certainly false.” Yet, Nagel is still an atheist! As I like to say, wanting to be your own God is a powerful motivator to deny the obvious.

One of the powerful aspects of apologetics, defending the veracity of Christianity, is called explanatory power, what best explains something, or is the most potent explanation for something. What Nagel is saying is that the atheist/materialist explanation for the brain, and the entire cosmos, is extremely weak. Yet he still rejects the obvious explanation, Almighty God. Whenever I have difficulty believing this whole God things is true, wondering if life after death is real, if the resurrection of the dead is actually going to happen, I look outside. That causes me to think to myself, or say out loud, there is absolutely no way the universe and the world and everything in it is a product of chance. Impossible! We must always consider the alternative when we’re wondering and doubting. Something has to be true. Either it is God who created everything, or nothing “created” everything out of nothing for no reason at all. In the title of the book by Norm Geisler and Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to be An Atheist.

There are several ways we can see and experience the evidence of how powerful the mind is specifically because we’re made in God’s image. We’ll address a couple of those below.

Mind Over Matter: Being Made in God’s Image
The Imago Dei, Latin for the image of God, is why our minds have such incredible power. Our minds are in some derivative way analogous, and similar to, God’s mind. It’s crazy trying to wrap our minds around the truth of that statement, but until we do, we’ll tend to think like the atheist/materialist, that the mind is simply a function of molecules and cells and synapses. We’ll miss the incredible spiritual, immaterial power the mind and consciousness have over the material world even though the evidence is all around us. What do I mean by power?

To give us the answer in a biblical sense we’ll look at the Apostle Paul who uses the word power three times in Romans 1. First let’s look at the Greek word Paul uses, δύναμις-dunamis. It’s the word from which we get our English, dynamite. The extended meaning from Strong’s is helpful:

force (literally or figuratively); specially, miraculous power (usually by implication, a miracle itself) — ability, abundance, meaning, might(-ily, -y, -y deed), (worker of) miracle(-s), power, strength, violence, mighty (wonderful) work.

Each use of the word is related to God. First in verse 4, he tells us God appointed Jesus in or with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead. Christ by the power of God defeated death, something that has haunted human beings since the fall, all of whom despise, hate, and fear it, and know it’s wrong, that somehow it shouldn’t be. God by his power took care of it, Christ being the first fruits, as Paul says in I Corinthians 15, and then the rest of us to follow in the resurrection.

Next Paul declares the gospel is “the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes.” Our salvation from sin, our reconciliation to God, is a spiritual resurrection of going from being dead in sin to alive in Christ by the power of God. The physical reality of God’s bringing Jesus back to life is manifested in a spiritual reality of the resurrection of our souls, the center of our being. The reason the New Covenant is better than the Old according to Jeremiah (chapter 31), is that the law is no longer stuck on tablets of stone, but God himself now in Christ puts his law in our minds and writes it on our hearts. That supernatural spiritual reality now reflects itself out into the material world through us.

Lastly Paul uses the word power related to God’s creative power in the material world.

20 For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so they are without excuse.

The very essence of God’s divinity, his God-ness, can be seen in every material thing he created which as we know from Genesis he created out of nothing—now that is power! All he had to do was speak, and it was. Speaking of Abraham in Roman 4, Paul says in verse 16:

He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed—the God who gives life to the dead and calls into being things that were not.

The ESV translates that last clause as, “who gives life to the dead and calls into existence the things that do not exist.” You can’t get more powerful than that! And while we can’t call things into existence that don’t exist, because we are made in God’s image, we can take the raw material he’s given us and transform it into new and marvelous things.

Mind Over Matter: Transforming the World
When I use the phrase, “mind over matter,” I mean that literally. Our minds are above matter, over it, superior to it. We, contrary to the atheist/materialist, are not the same as matter, merely a function of matter, but superior to it in a way the whole is superior to the sum of its parts. You can take the parts of a car and put them in a pile, but you’re not going to have a car. In a similar manner, our brains when put together by God produce something superior to just the material parts making up our brains. This was the plan from the beginning. When God created man, male and female he created them, he set them over his creation, to rule and have dominion over it, to fill the earth and subdue it. Got gave them the raw material, something out of nothing, now they were to take that and make something out of everything.

This was a slow process, but started happening right from the beginning, and often in ways that did not result in blessing. Early in the story, the people God had created built a tower, not in humility and gratitude to God, but to in effect be like God, so that “nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them.” After God “scattered them over the face of the whole earth,” they built cities and places they could live that would protect them from the dangers of the wilderness and other peoples. This was just the beginning of the dominion mandate being fulfilled, most of it, however, not in humility and to the glory of the creator God. For that, God chose one man out of all the peoples of the earth through whom blessing would come to all those peoples. We know him as Abraham, and the people he gave birth to, the Hebrews.

The transformation process of this fallen world, paradise lost, would take 2,000 years before it could really begin in earnest and the possibility of paradise being restored become a reality. Unfortunately, the mindset of most Christians is Pietistic, otherworldly, focused more on heaven than on this material world. That, however, is a mistake. The gospel wasn’t an escape project from this world, but a transformation project of it.

The contrast of the earth and the peoples in it from BC to AD is stark, from law to gospel, from the letter to the spirit. Everything spiritually changed, man now reconciled to God, when Christ accomplished his mission and was coronated as King sitting at the right hand of God. The day he poured out his Spirit at Pentecost everything then materially changed. In other words, man’s spiritual transformation in his relationship to God would be manifest in the material world on this earth. Initially, it wasn’t apparent how radical that transformation would prove to be in passage of time, but the change was like coming across Mount Everest in a desert. The ancient world was a brutal place where the primary goal of existence was survival. In moral terms, might made right. Whoever had the biggest sword or the biggest army determined right and wrong, and there was no appeal to anything higher, no recourse to challenge the powerful. This unpalatable fact of existence was why so many of the poor and powerless were attracted to Christianity in the early centuries of the church—now their lives counted. They were no longer cogs to be ground down in a pitiless machine. Slowly, surely, inevitably, Christianity changed everything.

Mind Over Matter: The Body
The power of the mind over matter can also been seen in the material that makes up our bodies; the connection is a powerful one. The human body is an almost infinitely complex system that works in response to our environment, which includes our mind’s control over our bodies, again the immaterial controlling of the material. Most of that happens without our being aware of it, which is called the autonomic nervous system and is driven by the brain. But our minds, our conscious thoughts, can override the system as well, for good and for ill.

I have a good example of how this works from when I was in college. I went to Arizona State University, and my parents and little brother came to visit one time, and we went to the Grand Canyon. My dad decided we would take a ride on donkeys down a trail to the bottom of the canyon, and it was terrifying. I’ll never forget being on that donkey with a cliff to our immediate right, and it must have been hundreds of feet down. I could see the donkeys in front of me stepping within inches of the edge, and I asked the guide if it was dangerous. He said, “They don’t want to fall any more than you.” That was definitely not comforting. My stomach was gurgling all the way down, and I barely made it to the outhouse and immediately lost 10 pounds. I don’t think I’ll do that again! It was my mind driven by fear that caused my intestines to do what they did—that is mind over matter.

Our bodies are a marvel of divine engineering meant to respond to perceived threats in our environment, to stress or danger. We have adrenal glands that produce two hormones that flow into our bodies when we’re confronted by a threat, adrenaline and cortisol. These threats, like riding on donkeys on a narrow path, can be real, or just a figment of our imagination. For the guides who had probably done that trip down hundreds of times, there was no fear, and no need of an outhouse when they got to the bottom. There was no actual threat, but my fear was very real. Mind over matter means it doesn’t matter, no pun intended, if the threat is real or not, the response of the adrenal glands will happen anyway.

These hormones and our bodies that produce them are di. With adrenaline, our pupils dilate to let more light in to better see our surroundings. Our skin turns pale as blood vessels receive a signal to divert blood to areas more in need of our blood’s oxygen, such as our muscles, so we can fight or run away. Our heart pumps harder and faster to deliver more oxygenated blood to areas most in need, like our muscles, and our blood pressure also increases. It even affects our liver where stored glycogen is converted to glucose to provide more energy. Our breathing changes to help accomplish all these things as well. Our minds perceive threat, and all this happens immediately.

After adrenaline does its job, the hormone cortisol continues to respond to perceived stress in our environment or in us. Whether the threat is real or not, the result is the same, adrenal glands pouring cortisol into our bloodstream. When these are needed, they can be lifesaving, when they are not, they can be health destroying. Panic attacks are something I have a little experience with, and it’s disturbing what happens to your heart rate when you think something is wrong. Fear will do that to us. Or if we have something we have to prepare for, and little time to do it, stress and thus cortisol does its thing. For a limited time that’s okay, but living in perpetual stress or anxiety will mess up our bodies.

The good news is that God has given us the power of our minds over matter. We don’t have to live in constant stress because we can trust God. Jesus commands us not to worry, or to be anxious. Paul commands us not to be anxious about anything, which means we can trust God with everything in our lives, every moment of every day. The great struggle of my life is whether I trust God or not. My favorite verse in this regard comes from Isaiah 26:

You will keep in perfect peace
him whose mind is steadfast,
because he trusts in you.

Perfect peace is possible, but only in Christ, knowing God’s perfect love for us, and goodness to us, in all things. That is the path to true mental, emotional, and physical health.

Now the Prince of This World Will be Driven Out: No, Satan is Not in Control “Down Here”

Now the Prince of This World Will be Driven Out: No, Satan is Not in Control “Down Here”

For most of my Christian life, sadly, I thought he was. Isn’t it obvious? The world is filled with misery, suffering, and death. Violence, stealing, hatred, greed, and every other vice are common. I was convinced sin would only finally be overcome at Christ’s second coming, at the judgment of the living and the dead. In the meantime while I didn’t believe the devil had free reign because God is sovereignly in control of all things, for whatever reason, God allows him to sow misery all over the world. There is victory and transformation in individual Christian lives, in churches and families, but on a societal level, I didn’t believe things would ever change much for the better. I wished and hoped and prayed they did, but it just wasn’t in the cards. Like most other Christians, I believed heaven is my home, and down here we’re just passing though, aliens and strangers caught in the wilderness until we get to the promised land of heaven. Now, I’m pretty sure I was wrong about all of it.

My pessimistic assessment of life in this fallen world began to slowly change over six years ago as I began to grow more optimistic for a variety of reasons. My optimism was theologically confirmed in August of 2022 when I embraced postmillennial eschatology, something I’d previously rejected as a joke unworthy of consideration. Since then, my understanding of redemptive history has completely changed from a primary focus on the life to come, to a focus on both this life and the one to come. I realized victory and transformation wasn’t just for our personal lives and the church, but for the entire world, and the nations within it, in what we’ve come to call the Great Commission. Jesus’ command to his disciples in Matthew 28 assumes entire nations are to be discipled and baptized, not just individuals within those nations. That’s what makes the commission great! It is actually world transforming.

Redemptive History and the Binding of Satan
Before we get to Satan, it’s important to get some historical perspective on redemptive history post resurrection and ascension. We must remember that the gospel is a covenantal work of God in history, slowly developing as he created his-story in and through his people. When God promised Abram that through him and his offspring all nations on earth would be blessed, he was pointing us forward to the gospel, the good news, something by his power and sovereign will he would bring to pass that would bless nations. Prior to Christ that blessing was extremely limited, but when he rose from the dead and ascended to the right hand of God everything changed. The kingdom of God, Christ’s reign, had come, and Satan would finally be bound for a thousand years. In Revelation 20 John tells us what happened in Christ’s victory over sin and death:

And I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key to the Abyss and holding in his hand a great chain. He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the devil, or Satan, and bound him for a thousand years. He threw him into the Abyss, and locked and sealed it over him, to keep him from deceiving the nations anymore until the thousand years were ended.

There has been much debate over that thousand years, but for most of church history it was believed John was referring to the church age, the time between Christ’s ascension and his second coming, not a literal thousand years on earth. I’ve become convinced, unlike most Christians today, that the binding of Satan happened at Christ’s first coming, and not something happening at his second. This is hugely important for how we live the Christian life. There are several reasons I believe this.

When Christ came at his first advent something drastic happened to Satan. He wasn’t left free to roam and create havoc anymore. In John 12 he gives us his version of the triumphal entry. Jesus predicts his death, and right in the middle he makes this statement:

31 Now is the time for judgment on this world; now the prince of this world will be driven out. 

Now is the operative word because right after this he predicts the kind of death he will die to bring this to pass, saying he will be “lifted up.” His crucifixion was the binding of Satan, the thing which finally limited his power on earth. In other words, we’re living through the period of history when Satan is bound. There are several other passages in the gospels confirming this.

In Matthew 12 Jesus heals a man who was blind and mute, and the Pharisees claim Jesus is driving out demons by the power of Satan, which Jesus dismissed as absurd. A city or house divided against itself cannot stand. Then he tells them something that changed the course of history, redemptive history to be exact:

 28 But if it is by the Spirit of God that I drive out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you.

Jesus and John the Baptist used the exact same words to introduce his ministry, “The kingdom of God is near,” and now it isn’t just near, it is here! And when Jesus is raised up and then ascends to heaven, the devil will be bound for a thousand years, or the entire age of the church. Then Jesus himself uses this analogy to refer to this binding:

29 “Or again, how can anyone enter a strong man’s house and carry off his possessions unless he first binds the strong man? Then he can plunder his house.

I think it’s not a coincidence God in his providence has John and Matthew use the same Greek word for bind. Once Christ accomplished his mission, Satan would be limited in a way he had never been in the history of the world to that point. Christians look around at all the evil in our day and think nothing has really changed, that the devil is still rampaging today as he always has, but that’s not true.

Something else happened in Jesus’ ministry indicating the limits that would now be put on Satan. He sent out the 72 to proclaim the good news of the kingdom, and when they return they are blown away that even the demons submit to  them in Jesus’ name. That had never happened before Jesus came, and could not happen because Satan had yet to be bound, limited in what he was allowed to do. Then Jesus tells them why they could do it:

18 He replied, “I saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. 19 I have given you authority to trample on snakes and scorpions and to overcome all the power of the enemy; nothing will harm you. 20 However, do not rejoice that the spirits submit to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.”

Satan’s authority was now limited because Christ resisted his temptations in the desert (Matt. 4), unlike the first Adam, which was when Satan initially gained all his power and authority to wreak havoc and death upon the world.  

What Makes the Great Commission Great
What exactly does this binding mean? We don’t have to guess. If we go back to Revelation 20, John tells us:

He threw him into the Abyss, and locked and sealed it over him, to keep him from deceiving the nations anymore until the thousand years were ended. 

We can draw a straight line from Satan being given the authority to deceive the nations initially, to that authority being rescinded at Christ’s first coming and his command in the Great Commission to disciple the nations. Prior to Christ’s coming all nations on earth save one, and that not a very effective one, were thoroughly pagan nations. That was all set to change when Christ was given “all authority in heaven and on earth.” Now the nations could be taught to “obey everything” Jesus had commanded them, and not just the individuals in those nations. It would be nations corporately, as well as the individuals that make up those nations. So yes, we can have Christian nations. We must have Christian nations because it is that which makes the great commission Great!

If we go back to the beginning of the calling of God making a people for himself who would be the means of transforming this fallen world into blessing, we are taken back to his call of Abram in Genesis 12. Through him and the Patriarchs, and by extension the people of Israel, all nations of the earth would be blessed. Over 2,000 years to the time of Christ God’s blessing has not gone beyond Judea, and as we see from Jesus’ ministry completely misunderstood. This blessing God promised was to go to the entire earth, to all peoples, but it got stuck with the Jews, and they rejected anyone who could un-stick it! When Jesus was crucified, rose from the dead, ascended to the right hand of God, and sent his Holy Spirit on his people everything changed. The blessing that was promised, which was confined to one nation, was now unleashed on the entire world. Compare the next 2,000 years to the previous 2,000, and there is no comparison.

This contrast of the inability to bring the blessing to the world with seeing it done is what makes the Great Commission great. I stole the title of this section from a book by Ken Gentry called, The Greatness of the Great Commission.  In the introduction Gary North says Gentry’s book makes the theological case “for the comprehensive nature of God’s redemption in history.” He says this about the healing power of the gospel of Jesus Christ:

Nothing is to be excluded from Christ’s healing: not the family, not the State, not business, not education, and surely not the institutional Church. Salvation is the salve that heals the wounds inflicted by sin: every type of wound from every type of sin. . . . God’s salvation brings us back to the original task: to exercise dominion to the glory of God, in terms of his Bible-revealing law. The gospel will succeed in history before God comes again to judge the world.

This means the blessings of redemption go well beyond the walls of the church because God’s kingdom, the one Jesus said was coming, is not limited to the church. As we sing in Isaac Watts great hymn Joy to the World every Christmas:

No more let sins and sorrows grow,
Nor thorns infest the ground;
He comes to make his blessings flow
Far as the curse is found.

Watts, the father of modern hymnody, realized everything infected by the curse of sin and man’s rebellion would be transformed by gospel blessings. It is comprehensive in its effects, not limited, expansive in scope, not narrow. That means the gospel of God’s reconciliation to man and the biblical/Christian view of reality affects every nook and cranny of existence, all of material reality. Nothing we do or see or experience, every moment of our existence, is infused with gospel blessing.   

God’s Covenant in Soteriology and Eschatology
I mentioned above that “the gospel is a covenantal work of God in history,” which means it’s his work. It is something he is committed to bring to pass. The blessings he promised to Abram started being fulfilled at Pentecost. Now that God’s Holy Spirit indwelt his people, his law, as he promised in Jeremiah 31, would be written on the tablets of their hearts instead of tablets of stone. That would transform people who would eventually transform the world. The last 2,000 years provides us with plenty of evidence as the ancient pagan uncivilized world transformed into the modern world. Because of Pietism and Christian over spiritualizing of the gospel, Christians miss the profound material implications in this fallen world because of the work of Christ.

Our salvation from sin, what Christ accomplished on the cross, soteriology, wasn’t just for our souls or going to heaven when we die, but for our lives in this fallen world. The ministry of reconciliation Paul speaks about in 2 Corinthians 5 is the coming of a new creation (v. 5), of taking the paradise Adam lost, and Christ is restoring. This ridding of our alienation to God in Christ has implications for, literally, all of existence. As I write this I just returned from a shopping trip to Sam’s. Do you realize how big a deal it is that we no longer have to grow or kill the food we eat? We run to the store where almost everything imaginable is available and cheap. We live in a swamp called Florida where we can control the temperature in our houses. I have relatives who live in Phoenix, a desert, where it’s north of 100 degrees for five months a year, who live comfortably with air that is is cooled by big machine at the flip of a switch. I could mention the blessings associated with modern medicine and nutrition, technology, travel, indoor plumbing, or safe drinking water. I’m writing and recording something that can be accessed anywhere in the world at any time. It’s crazy!

I could go on, but you get the point. Most Christians would never connect these things to the gospel because to them these are “material” things, not “spiritual” things. In fact, everything is spiritual because everything human beings do with God’s creation is a reflection of them as image bearers of God. When Christ rose from the dead, ascended to heaven, and sent his Spirit, everything his people did and thought and created was touched by gospel transformation, a way of doing things that would bring God’s covenant blessings to the earth, so to all nations and peoples. That’s the promise emphasized over and over again in Genesis. Satan is powerless to stop it. His efforts are futile because he has been stripped of his authority over the earth. That has been transferred to Christ, and is now being lived out through God’s people. This is what salvation from sin means, and we’re just getting started!

AI and the Longing for The Real

AI and the Longing for The Real

I’ve heard the phrase Artificial Intelligence all of my boomer life. Grok says the phrase goes back to 1955 and a proposal some scientists put together to study the concept. This lead to the “Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence” in 1956 which is regarded as the founding of AI as a formal field of study. I was eight years old when 2001: A Space Odyssey came out, and although the phrase Artificial Intelligence isn’t used in the movie (“machine intelligence” is), AI was by then culturally well known. It hasn’t been until the last several years, however, that the real life implications of AI have become culturally ubiquitous. Along with that have come debates about its value, whether it promises unproblematic endless benefits, or dystopian dangers. And likely plenty of both. I just learned about the history of AI with a simple question to Grok—benefit!

But as sinful human beings are won’t to do, hubris and overreaching is part of the deal. I think that’s where we are. And whenever there is overreaching, as any physicist can tell you, there is always an equal and opposite reaction. The Covid debacle and peak woke are perfect examples. Hundreds of millions of people around the world were driven to question, many for the first time, the “experts” and the managerial class, including in modern medicine. Like me, they decided, also for the first time, that their health is primarily their responsibility and nobody else’s. And tens of millions of people in America decided peak woke was a bridge too far, and turned back to God and traditional morality. I see the same reaction regarding AI, and God is part of that too. When God in his sovereign providence provides the cultural and historical conditions for revelation, we ought to consider taking advantage of it.

I grew up in the era of vinyl records. In the mid-60s big four and then eight track cassette tapes became popular so you could actually listen to your music of choice in the car. Then by the mid-70s little cassette tapes came along, which was mind blowing at the time. Then in the 80s came CDs, and it wasn’t long before vinyl would be dead and gone forever. Uh, maybe not. Everyone said digital was the future, and analogue was passé. Get rid of your records, boomer! Get with the times. It seems, however, analogue waves are more appealing than digits. There are other reactions against all things digital. It’s impossible today to know with any kind of certainty if a picture or video or music is real or AI fake. It’s like living in a world with plastic flowers that look real but have no smell and don’t feel like flowers. How about cars without drivers? For many of us there is something unnerving about that, even as flawed as human drivers can be.

The AI hype seems to have struck a nerve in people who are pining for The Real, the creational order, objective reality as God designed it to be. We can see this in other reactions to what most agree by now is a dying secular culture.

Secularism and the Turn to the Subjective
AI offers us a stark contrast to what I like to call, The Real. This explosion of AI is happening at the same time secularism as an experiment in Western culture is coming to the end of its cultural credibility. The idea of secularism started to develop in the 17th century in response to the wars of religion. Christians killing each other because they disagreed about theology wasn’t real appealing, so Western cultural elites and intellectuals decided to push religion, i.e., Christianity, out of the cultural spotlight, and try to build societies without God. Religious practice became a personal thing, and Pietists went right along with that. It took several hundred years for this to fully infect Western culture, but by the middle of the 20th century, secularism became the default worldview of Western peoples, in effect, the entire world outside of Islam.

Secularism did what C.S. Lewis warned about in The Abolition of Man, turning him inward and making everything in life about the subjective, our feelings, our thoughts, our opinions. Life’s all about me! He famously uses the story of a high school textbook teaching students how the beauty of a waterfall is more about our feelings than about any objective beauty in the waterfall. On the surface this doesn’t appear to be a big deal, but in fact it was the beginning of abolishing human beings as God created them. This is where we find ourselves in this third decade of the 21st century. We got to a point where everything in the culture focused on the individual, “the sovereign self.” The deeper one goes into that self, the deeper one realizes there is nothing there on which to anchor life. That has to come outside of us, something really there, something we can depend on as real.

The indications of the cracks growing in the secular Berlin Wall can be seen in a variety of consequences, but a blatant one is the mental health crisis in our country. I recently received a publication from my Alma Mater, Westminster Seminary Philadelphia, about exactly this. The author starts with statistics from the National Institute of Mental health to make the point:

Over 20% of the population 18 years and older is being treated for a mental illness. For adolescents, 49.5% report having a mental disorder. According to the CDC in 2023, 12.8 million adults seriously thought about suicide; 2.7 million made an actual plan; and 1.7 million went through with it. Depression rates, according to the latest Gallup poll, are at a record high.

Once we reject or ignore God’s created order, and its Creator, we are preparing for disaster. This inevitable descent into the subjective because of secularism was always eventually going to turn out this way. In the book Lewis tells us why objective reality, the real as God created it, is so important:

It is the doctrine of objective value, the belief that certain attitudes are really true, and others really false, to the kind of thing the universe is and the kind of things we are.

The mental health crisis is a result of people being deluded into seeing themselves as something they are not, embracing lies about who they are and what the world is. The delusions are why disaster is inevitable, a form of God’s judgment on rebellious humanity.

The title of the first chapter in which this quote is found is called, “Men Without Chests.” In the classical understanding of man, he is three-fold: the mind, the upper, and the appetites, the lower, and in between is the chest where magnanimity and sentiments are trained so they might become “the indispensable liaison officers between the cerebral man and the visceral man.” Without that training, to put it crudely, we’re screwed.

The Craving for the Real
I’m convinced, in general, people crave what is Real more than what they feel. This is because they are created in God’s image and live in God’s creation; postmodern relativism will always eventually disappoint. We can’t make up our own reality no matter how hard we try. By definition, postmodern relativists have a tenuous grasp of reality because they think they get to determine what reality is. Their take is a slippery one, like living their lives walking on rocks through a shallow rushing river. Why would that be? If our epistemology—what we know and how we come to know it—is based on what is inside of us, then how can we ever really trust what we think we know? Maybe what I’m thinking about at the moment is just a bit of indigestion, as C.S Lewis once said. Or maybe the conclusion I’ve come to about such and such is only some Freudian trauma I’ve experienced with my mother or father.

Postmodernism requires us to believe there is no there, there, and what might be there only has relevance because of my thoughts about it. It’s really always a guessing game. Postmodernists may say, “That’s true for you, but not for me,” and believe it, but they really have no idea, and deep down they know it. Such a shaky hold on existence is the logical conclusion of the triumph of the subjective. By contrast, The Real is truth, not just an abstract philosophical concept, but things as they actually are.

If there is a God, then he made reality a certain way. Sure, sometimes because of our sinful, rebellious hearts we want to do it our way, but the hope is that it doesn’t take too long for us to realize our ignorance or stupidity. We are all born ignorant and stupid; it’s called sin.

The Real can also be seen in the creational order, the way God created it to be. If we follow that order, life gets easier. For example, we might deny the objective reality of absolute moral values, but our denial doesn’t mean they don’t exist, or that we get to determine those values. I’ve heard it said that we can no more break God’s physical laws than we can break his moral laws without consequences. Both are part of the very fabric of existence. Postmodern relativists, however, affirm physical laws but believe they can define moral laws. Reality doesn’t work that way. Take sexual morality, for instance. There is a reason God established monogamy between one man and one woman as the moral norm for sexual relationships. Flout it, have sex with whomever you want whenever you want, and you could die. Embrace it, and no sexually transmitted disease will ever touch you. As I often say, “That’s the way the world works.” You do it God’s way, in other words, and chances are things will work out well. If you do it your own way, good luck. I love what Isaiah tells us in this regard:

He will be the sure foundation for your times, a rich store of salvation and wisdom and knowledge; the fear of the LORD is the key to this treasure (33:6).

It is this solid foundation that as we come to the end of this secular age that is becoming increasingly appealing to an increasing number of people.

How Ancient Greeks Help Us to Understand the Real
Ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle can be of some assistance when we discuss The Real. They believed in and argued for the existence of objective goodness, beauty, and truth—something countercultural in an age awash in the vagaries of postmodern relativism, yet what every human being believes exist and longs for.

What humans experience of goodness, beauty, and truth, Plato argued, points to the universal or the ultimate form of these things; they exist in life because they exist ultimately. Aristotle, a student of Plato, took his mentor’s thoughts in a more empirical direction: the real for him lay in the thingness of the thing itself, and not in some universal idea of it. Thus, there is a certain dogness in dogs; dogs have the nature of dogness. Roses have a roseness, and so on. This is not as silly as it sounds, and it is perfectly biblical. In Genesis 1 God created everything “according to their kinds.” Things are the way they are for a reason; we can’t wish them to be other than they are, as many Western cultural elites are trying to do with the current debate over gender. Is gender a malleable concept, based on what we feel or think, or is it rooted in the order of creation, “male and female he created them”? The answer is obvious.

It will make more sense if you consider Aristotle’s concept of Telos, or purpose, the ultimate object of a thing. All things in created reality have a reason for being, whether created by humans or God. Their purpose or end defines them. Tim Keller says, “Unless you know the telos of something, what it is for, you can’t make right judgments about whether the thing is good or bad.” It is readily apparent that a hammer has a different telos, or purpose, than a nail. It would be odd to see someone trying to “hammer” a hammer with a nail: Seriously, dude, I think you have that backward.

Everything of human origin has an obvious purpose, and when it comes to creation, the concept is every bit as relevant. I have a simple example that took place in a discussion I had with a friend about something called same‑sex marriage (which assumes sex, male‑female, has nothing to do with why marriage exists). He thought Christians were being unreasonable and judgmental to deny homosexuals the opportunity to marry and be happy; he was adamant the Bible didn’t forbid it. Every biblical argument I tried to make hit a brick wall. Then I brought up the idea of telos. I told him it is evident that the human anatomy, male and female, clearly has a telos. Without getting graphic, it’s clear to any objective observer that certain body parts have an obvious designed end, a purpose for which they were created, and homosexuality doesn’t fulfill those purposes. It’s like trying to “hammer” the hammer with a nail. He got a strange look on his face, stopped, and said, “I’ve never thought of that.” The Bible didn’t open his mind, but telos did.

I’ll end this little foray into the ancient Greeks with a short excursion into nominalism and realism. The Associate Pastor at our church, Rev. John Ravell, is philosophically well read, and young (only 34), and in an e-mail exchange about something related to the ideas in this post, he said modern people are “basically hyper-nominal” as opposed to being grounded in philosophical realism which goes back to the ancient Greeks and Medieval philosophy. I love that phrase. Nominalism as a philosophy was developed by William of Ockham (1287-1347) in a debate with those who espoused realism. A simple overview of nominalism comes from Chat GPT:

Only individual things really exist; general categories or abstract properties are just names we give them. For example:

  • You see many red objects: an apple, a stop sign, a shirt.
  • A realist philosopher might say there is a real universal property called “redness” that all these things share.
  • A nominalist says there is no separate thing called “redness” existing independently — we simply group similar objects under the label “red.”

The word comes from the Latin nomen, meaning “name.”

This was a huge shift in Western Christian culture. Richard Weaver in his wonderful book, Ideas Have Consequences, said this was a profound “change which came over man’s conception of reality.” Indeed it was. Instead of being grounded in an objective reality of things that exist independent of our perceptions of them, we’re awash in a world of meaningless particulars, puzzle pieces with no puzzle or bigger picture into which they fit. As my young pastor friend put it, “We don’t believe in realism anymore. We have a hard time even articulating what it would look like to believe in realism, but it’s exactly in line with a biblical worldview and imagination.” He added, this leads modern people who “attempt to say something about the whole always fixating on the parts, which leads invariably to paralysis.” As Weaver puts it perfectly in the book,

The issue ultimately involved is whether there is a source of truth higher than and independent of man; and the answer to the question is decisive for one’s view of the nature and destiny of humankind. . . . The denial of universals carries with it the denial of everything transcending experience. . . . which means inevitably—though ways are found to hedge on this—the denial of truth. With the denial of objective truth there is no escape from the relativism of “man the measure of all things.”

This was written 78 years ago in 1948. Weaver couldn’t imagine, although he wouldn’t be surprised, the depths of absurdity people have gotten to by living in figments of their own imagination. It is exactly such absurdity that is opening an increasing number of people to The Real, and leading them back to the Creator, for from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory forever! Amen.

 

 

The Culture Project and Societal Transformation

The Culture Project and Societal Transformation

I mentioned The Culture Project in a recent post, and I decided I needed to share my thoughts about the importance of Christian cultural transformation in more detail. Not only is Christian influence on society critical for the long term health and flourishing of society, but it’s also an important piece of advancing the kingdom of God on earth. I’ll get to that below, but The Culture Project was a non-profit I started in 2008 after I realized almost 20 years of conservative and Christian futility was because we had ignored the importance of culture in the transformation of our nation. We conservative Christians were so focused on politics figuring the culture would take care of itself. It most certainly will not. The late great Andrew Breitbart said, “politics is downstream from culture.” I believe that’s true, to a degree. Public policy and laws are extremely important and have cultural implications, but without cultural transformation long term political effectiveness, which means governance from a conservative and Christian perspective, is a pipe dream.

The vision for my non-profit was to recruit young people into what I called professions of cultural influence, like media, entertainment, law, education, etc., and teach them about the importance of their faith and a Christian worldview for their profession. I envisioned a kind of mentoring project yet on a cultural scale. I’ve since come to see it as a different, more expansive visionary kind of discipleship, something I wasn’t aware of at that time in my Christian journey. We tend to view discipling of children or other young people as a “spiritual” endeavor having to do with their relationship with Jesus, which it is, but that’s not all it is. We bring our faith into everything we experience, and it impacts everything we do, even the most mundane aspects of our daily lives, including our careers, family lives, entertainment, hobbies, everything. We are to have, and teach to our children, a Christian world and life view, and to teach and share that with everyone in our circle of influence.

Christianity over the last several hundred years turned primarily into a personal affair about our relationship with God and our personal holiness. As anyone who is at all familiar with my work will know, this descent into a totally personal faith is a result of Pietism which eventually developed into revivalism and fundamentalism. Along with dispensational eschatology, this truncated version of the faith eventually took over Evangelical Christianity in the 20th century. A unique confluence of cultural streams came together in the 19th century to turn Christianity inward, and destroy the cultural influence it once had. Let’s address that first before we look at the biblical case for cultural engagement.

The Cultural Streams Leading to Christian Cultural Irrelevance
The 19th century was a profound civilizational turning point in Western history, the transition century from a Christian Western civilization to a secular one. It took until the 1960s to fully dominate, but forces that had been building since the Reformation, through Pietism, and the Enlightenment all exploded in the 1800s. Specifically, rationalism, that we can know things apart from God’s revelation in Scripture by human reason alone, developed alongside the scientific revolution. This built into Western culture a faith in human progress melding nicely, and disastrously, with a kind of postmillennial eschatology that had nothing to do with actual, biblical, postmillennialism. A substantial slice of Christianity toward the end of the 18th century was becoming increasingly liberal, which can be seen in a widespread rejection of the Trinity. This effectively turned Christianity into moralism which rejected the gospel of the divine supernatural and transforming power of Christ’s atonement, and the power of the Holy Spirit. Christianity, on a personal and societal level, was turned into moralism by human effort alone.

The father of liberal Christianity is Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834), a German theologian who attempted to reconcile the criticisms of the Enlightenment with traditional Protestant Christianity. That reconciliation, as did the liberal Christianity coming in its wake, swallowed the naturalistic assumptions of rationalism hook line and sinker. That means miracles and the supernatural really can’t happen, which provided the foundation for German higher criticism, an intellectual movement in German universities that completely eviscerated the true meaning of the Bible. That in turn became the foundation of liberal Christianity in America as American scholars went to Germany to learn the latest and greatest about Bible scholarship.

At the same time in the latter part of the 19th century scientific and technological progress was exploding, and Christians in Western culture were convinced there was nothing mankind could not achieve to bring a version of the kingdom of God to earth. Christian politician, and three-time nominee for president with the Democrat Party, William Jennings Bryan, echoed what most Christians believed prior to World War 1:

Christian civilization is the greatest that the world has ever known because it rests on a conception of life that makes life one unending progress toward higher things, with no limit to human advancement or development.

Bryan, a conservative Christian, wasn’t an outlier, but this vision of endless progress toward higher and better things was more in line with a secular version of postmillennialism than biblical postmillennialism. As J. Gresham Machen in Christianity and Liberalism argued, liberal Christianity having rejected supernatural biblical religion was another religion all together. H. Richard Niebuhr captured this perfectly in a book called, The Kingdom of God in America, written in 1938. Speaking of the nature of this basically secular version of Christianity, he says it presents

A God without wrath brought men without sin into a kingdom without judgment through the ministrations of a Christ without a cross.

It simply could not be said any better. This was the version of Christianity coming out of the 19th century developed in the first few decades of the 20th century into what came to be called the fundamentalist-modernist controversies. While the Bible-believing conservative fundamentalists were basically saving Christianity, at the same time they were losing the culture to secularism. The cultural turning point came with the “Scopes Monkey Trial” in 1925. The cultural irrelevance and caricature of conservative Christianity started here, although as we see the foundation had been laid for several hundred years, including the rise of Darwinian evolution. With the trial it became the official creation myth of secular America.

The revivalism of the mid to late 19th century combined with the new eschatology of dispensationalism basically set the stage for the 1960s and what came afterwards, secular dominance of Western culture. This assertion seems counterintuitive to most Christians, but revivalism and dispensationalism turned Christianity inwards. Christians still complained about sin in society, but that’s about it. In addition to all the various influences I mentioned above, the gospel and salvation, especially with the rise of D.L. Moody and revivalism, came to mean going to heaven when you die, and growing in personal holiness while you’re here. In this view of things, which came to dominate fundamentalism in the next century, cultural influence was merely accidental and had nothing to do with real, “spiritual” Christianity. By the 1950s the die was cast, and whatever influence Christianity had in American and Western culture was slowly dying.

Some Christians realized this wasn’t a good thing. For example, Billy Graham and some others started calling themselves Evangelicals to differentiating them from cultural hating fundamentalists. They founded Christianity Today and Fuller Seminary in Pasadena, California. In 1968 Francis Schaeffer wrote The God Who is There, and started what became a robust focus in Evangelical Christianity on worldview and apologetics. Today, more Christians than ever understand the importance of Christian cultural influence, and slowly but surely the church is breaking out of its fundamentalist aversion to cultural engagement. Pietism is still dominant, so the case continually has to be made that the impact of the Christian faith is meant for more than our individual lives or the church, but entire nations. Christianity is in fact a culture project! Why is that?

Abraham, The Patriarchs, and God’s Blessing the Nations
The whole point of redemptive history is to bless the nations, not just individuals within those nations. I’ve just been reading through Romans as I write this, and this morning I read Romans 15. Paul is speaking about the promises to the Patriarchs, which are the covenantal foundation of our faith. Do you remember what the promises are about? What the purpose of God is in redemptive history? To bless the nations! The Jews seemed to miss the message, but it’s clear God’s plans always included more than Israel and the Jews. Paul does something interesting in this chapter quoting four passages from the Old Testament. He is talking about the gospel going to the Gentiles, which means every person on earth who isn’t Jewish, so that they too might glorify God. Here is what he says:

As it is written:

“Therefore I will praise you among the Gentiles;
I will sing the praises of your name.”

10 Again, it says,

“Rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people.”

11 And again,

“Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles;
let all the peoples extol him.”

12 And again, Isaiah says,

“The Root of Jesse will spring up,
one who will arise to rule over the nations;
in him the Gentiles will hope.”

I looked back at each of these verses in the Old Testament, and almost all the translations use the word nations. Paul uses the Greek word ἔθνος-ethnos, the same word Jesus uses in the Great Commission in Matthew 28. The point is the scope of the gospel’s blessings, those promised to the Patriarchs, going beyond individuals to people groups making up nations. That means the various countries and the cultures they create. That’s what people do when they live together in communities, they create cultures, which includes economics, and law, and art, and education, and science and technology, and entertainment, and architecture, and cities, and transportation, and food, all of it. The point of the gospel, of God’s purposes in redemptive history isn’t to save people’s souls so they go to heaven when they die, or just to make individuals more holy, but to transform their lives and the cultures they create on earth. What does that mean?

What’s the opposite of blessing? That’s easy: curses. Deuteronomy 28 is the well-known blessing and curses chapter where God lays out to his people the blessings for obedience, and the curses for disobedience. The latter is much longer because God wants to get across the point that they really should chose obedience because the option is suffering, which is what brings curses from disobedience. Do you know that the most quoted book from America’s founding generation is the Bible, and the most quoted book in the Bible is Deuteronomy, and the most quoted chapter is chapter 28? America’s founders were not building a secular Republic, but a covenantal Christian nation they desperately wanted God to bless. Without God’s blessing that comes from obedience to his laws they knew there would be curses and thus suffering.

What most Christians seems to miss is that the so called “culture wars” aren’t about “imposing” Christianity on anybody, but about loving our neighbor as ourselves. Remember, when Jesus is asked how he would sum up the greatest commandment in the law, he basically sums up the entirety of the Old Testament like this:

37 Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”

This is in fact what the “culture wars” are about, what it means to disciple nations, to create Christian nations in obedience to Jesus’ command.

Our Christian Culture Project and the Kingdom of God
Another way to refer to a Christian nation is the kingdom of God. Jesus and John the Baptist introduced Jesus’ ministry with the exact same words in Matt. 3:2 and Mark 1:15: “The kingdom of God is near” (Matthew uses heaven in his gospel instead of God as his primary audience is Jews). Then Jesus spent three years introducing his people to this kingdom, was crucified, died, buried, raised from the dead, and ascended to the right hand of God to bring the kingdom of God (heaven) to earth. When he said on the cross, “It is finished” (John 19:30), the kingdom manifesting itself in this world was inevitable.

When Jesus taught us to pray, “Thy kingdom come, thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven,” do we think it was wishful thinking prayer? Was he saying, like I interpreted it most of my Christian life, we know the devil has the upper hand “down here,” so we’ll just have to do the best we can and wait till he returns to finally get God’s kingdom on earth? No! I now completely reject that as unworthy of any interpretation of God’s covenantal redemptive purposes in history. When he promised the Patriarchs to bless the nations it wasn’t only  to bless them in the eternal consummated state after sin and death are completely defeated, but on this fallen earth, in our fallen bodies among fallen people, to bring blessing to the nations.

The Apostle John tells us the reason Jesus came to earth (I John 3:8):

The reason the Son of God appeared was to destroy the devil’s work.

And this isn’t just in our personal lives. The purposes of God in redemptive history, from the Patriarchs to Jesus, were always geared toward nations, ethnos, to people living in community and everything they create. Jesus himself gives us a stark contrast between two diametrically opposite expressions of spiritual reality in this material world (John 10:10):

The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life and have it abundantly.

He’s simply saying what he already said to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and confirmed through Moses, David, and the prophets.

So, instead of hiding our light under a basket, instead of keeping the blessing for just our personal lives or within the walls of the church, we’re bringing them into every nook and cranny of existence. Our vision is more expansive, more world encompassing of everything we see and do and experience. Like I said above, it’s a more visionary kind of discipleship, teaching others and our children how their Christian faith impacts everything. Our lives and theirs are in fact, a culture project, bringing of transformation not just to our personal lives and relationships, but to everything we put our mind and hands to. It’s an exciting way to live because Christ didn’t come in futility, but in victory over the works of the devil. Let’s believe that, live it, proclaim it, and live by faith, not by sight, for ours and others’ good, and God’s glory.

My Health Journey and The Development of Modern Medicine

My Health Journey and The Development of Modern Medicine

A couple years back I decided I’d like to write a book about my health journey. Covid was such a radical red pill experience for me, like it was for many others, that it changed completely the way I looked at my health and modern medicine with it. In fact, I started writing it but got waylaid by another book, since finished, and another one I’m now working on. So this will have to wait, but I did start writing it, and want to share some of that here. I can’t share much of the journey, but I want to use how it started and specifically motivated me to learn about where modern medicine came from. We are all born into it, and few question how it got here, or why it is the way it is. Until Covid, most of us had no reason to question it at all.

That was the reason I, and many others, have had a “health journey.” Six years ago the world lost its collective mind. Things happened I and few others, outside of the power hungry perverse, could imagine. For me it was deeply traumatic because I knew it was all a lie from the very pit of hell. It was Satanic in the creepiest sense of the word. It changed everything, in the most literal sense of that word. Hundreds of millions of people could never see things the same way again, including our health and modern medicine, but not limited to just that. I am convinced it also precipitated a great spiritual awakening which we’ve seen develop over the last several years. The story that got me here started what seems a long time ago.

I was born in the late afternoon on Friday, July 29, 1960, on a beautiful sunny day at Hollywood Presbyterian hospital in Los Angeles. California truly was the Golden State then, with people from all over the country and the world flocking there in pursuit of the American dream. It was a wonderful place to be born and raised. I don’t remember much about that day, but my mother told me the doctor scheduled my birth day, induced labor, and I came right on schedule! If you ever see the picture of me on my introduction to this cold, cruel world, you’d say, my, that baby has a lot of hair! All black. I’m Italian, after all. But you would also think I was probably a Chinese baby, a little plump Chinese baby born to Italian parents. How did that happen? Alas, I grew out of the Chinese look and ended up looking like a typical Italian baby and child. There’d be no mistaking me for Chinese when I grew up!

I was of course vaccinated. Vaccines, all agreed, were a miracle of modern medicine, and parents gladly submitted their children to the experts who told them so. At the time there were probably less than ten vaccines on the schedule, and I’m sure I got them all. There are many more today. As a late stage boomer, I was born into a world that worshiped “experts.” To question medical professionals about vaccines, or anything else, would have been unthinkable. Why would you? They’re the experts!

The rise of the expert class was part and parcel of the rise of progressivism of the early twentieth century. Holding the firm conviction that with science and technology no problem seemed too big to overcome, progressives were determined to apply this mindset to everything. Something called “scientific” management or planning by “experts” developed in the nineteenth century given it was the century of hitherto unimaginable progress. The number of inventions exploded, and it seemed there was nothing man could not accomplish with the rise of science and knowledge. By the time I was born, the expert class dominated American society, but it had been in process for almost a hundred years. As an academic, Woodrow Wilson wrote a paper in 1887 arguing for “the science of administration,” which speaks to the rule by “experts.” This rule by experts became the rage in the progressive era of the early 20th century, and in due course the default view of American elites and the American people, until Covid brought it all into question.

My story, or that of any other person who experienced a similar awakening, is better understood when we’re familiar with the world of modern medicine I was born into, and how it became “modern.” The development of medicine as it came to be practiced in the 20th century, was built on two things. One, certain assumptions about the human body and disease, and two, how medical education in America was established and practiced. Let’s look at the fomer first.

Pasteur, Béchamp and Germ Theory
To understand where we are we have to go back to the 19th century and the development of germ theory, which is the foundation of modern medicine. To do that we need to become familiar with the work of two men, Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), who everybody has heard of, and Antoine Béchamp (1816-1908), who few people have. Their titanic battle over germ theory is a microcosm of the same battle in the 21st century over health and modern medicine. Once germ theory became the only accepted theory of disease, the rise of modern medicine as we see it practiced today was inevitable.

I did an Internet search for, “Pasteur, Béchamp, and Germ Theory,” and one of the top results is a Wikipedia article entitled, “Germ theory denialism.” I almost laughed when I saw it. Anytime the word denialism is associated with something, you’ll know instantly the accepted cultural elite position on a topic—and it shall not be questioned! You saw that word thrown around a lot during the Covid era when cultural elites worldwide would not allow any questioning of the “Covid is the Bubonic Plague” narrative. I believe it originated with those questioning the Holocaust, so Holocaust denialism became a thing, and after that anyone questioning the accepted narrative, whatever it might be, was labeled a denier. This, of course, is meant to shut off any debate on an issue. Thankfully because of the Gutenberg Press of the 21st century, the Internet, that is increasingly impossible. BTW, if Wikipedia claims something, I will generally believe the opposite. It’s a platform that parrots the acceptable narratives of Western cultural elites. But I digress.

Before I give you my highly simplified version of this debate as I have finally come to understand it, I will quote from a paper arguing for Béchamp’s perspective. The reason I do this before I get to the debate is because all of us have been indoctrinated from birth to believe in germ theory as the unquestioned reality that explains disease. Because of this it is extremely difficult to see it any other way, which is what I’m trying to get you to do. The author states:

We do not catch diseases. . . . The presence of germs does not constitute the presence of a disease. Bacteria are scavengers of nature…they reduce dead tissue to its smallest element. Germs or bacteria have no influence, whatsoever, on live cells. Germs or microbes flourish as scavengers at the site of disease. They are just living on the unprocessed metabolic waste and diseased, malnourished, nonresistant tissue in the first place. They are not the cause of the disease, any more than flies and maggots cause garbage. Flies, maggots, and rats do not cause garbage but rather feed on it. Mosquitoes do not cause a pond to become stagnant! You always see firemen at burning buildings, but that doesn’t mean they caused the fire. . . . [Germ theory] claims that fixed species of microbes from an external source invade the body and are the first cause of infectious disease. The concept of specific, unchanging types of bacteria causing specific diseases became officially accepted as the foundation of allopathic Western medicine and microbiology in late 19th century Europe.

The reason I had a hard time grasping this concept was because for 60 years I had been indoctrinated like everyone else to believe disease as something primarily coming from outside of us, some little invisible thing that invades us and causes the disease. Germ theory also embraces the dogma of a single cause of disease, that specific microorganisms are the sole cause of very specific diseases. Steven Epstein wrote a book in 1996, well before Covid, titled, Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge. In it he makes this point:

The cornerstone was laid for modern biomedicine’s basic formula with its monocausal microbial starting-point and its search for magic bullets: one disease, one cause, one cure.

The idea that disease already lived inside me was hard to wrap my mind around, and the more difficult concept was that I was the one who determined whether that happened or not. Would that little invisible thing invading me have an inviting space to do its dirty work, or not? That was up to me, not the little invisible thing. Which leads us to the other theory of disease.

Contrary to Germ Theory, Béchamp developed something called terrain theory. The idea of the former is that germs are what we need to worry about, finding ways to kill them off with some kind of medicine once they get inside us. Terrain theory, by contrast, argues that if the body is well and balanced then germs being a natural part of life and the environment will be dealt with by the body without causing disease. In other words, a germ can cause sickness in one person and not another based on the “terrain,” meaning the inner workings of the body’s immune system. A compromised “terrain” means the body’s inner environment makes it susceptible to viruses and parasites, etc. This means it is far more important to work on the terrain of the body than worry about the latest germ or virus going around. It’s all about the dirt, metaphorically speaking.

You can easily infer from the victory of Pasteur and germ theory, modern medicine’s focus on, well, medicine, was a foregone conclusion. In a documentary related to this topic, a doctor pointed out there is a reason we call it medicine given we ingest or consume something as a treatment or cure. You’ll see as we talk about medical education, terrain is well down on the list of the modern medical professional’s priorities, as in pretty much invisible.

The Flexner Report and Modern Medical Education
Few people outside of the medical profession, and I’d wager not many in it, have ever heard of Abraham Flexner and his report, the importance of which cannot be overestimated. The Flexner Report, published in 1910, transformed the nature and process of medical education in America. In 1908 the Carnegie Foundation authorized a study of medical schools in the country, which were visited and assessed based on how the education was then currently practiced. From there Flexner developed criteria on how doctors would be educated and trained in America and thus made acceptable to the American Medical Association. Both the AMA, which was founded in 1847, and Flexner accepted germ theory without question. By then cultural elites in the West could see the practice of healthcare in no other way. This can be seen in many places in the report, but one quote will be sufficient to understand the fundamental assumptions of modern medicine. Speaking of pathology and bacteriology, he says the goal is “to master the abnormal,” and in that context says,

Now the agents and forces which invade the body to its disadvantage play their game, too, according to law.

Something outside of the body invades it and causes “the abnormal,” so the entire medical system became focused not on the patient’s health and enabling the body’s immune system to successfully handle the invaders, but on medicine used to defeat it. On the very next page, however, Flexner seems to contradict himself by saying, the doctor “through measures essentially educational to enforce, the conditions that present disease and make positively for physical and moral well-being.” This and only one other minor reference to a more holistic approach is about it because by that time the assumptions of germ theory were dominant among the elites in the medical profession. Science was seen as all powerful, while God’s creation, the human body and the immune system, was the victim of forces beyond its control. Man would save the day and defeat disease though his ingenuity.

Henry S. Prichett, the president of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching at the time, said the report was basically agnostic regarding which kind of healthcare the medical professional practiced, as he claims in the introduction:

In making this study the schools of all medical sects have been included. It is clear that so long as a man is to practice medicine, the public is equally concerned in his right preparation for the profession, whatever he calls himself—allopath, homeopath, eclectic, osteopath, or whatnot. It is equally clear that he should be grounded in the fundamental science upon which medicine rests, whether he practices under one name or under another.

This in practice, however, would not be the case. Once the “scientific standards” were set by the “experts,” anyone straying from them would be considered something of a quack not to be entrusted with the license of an educated medical practitioner. To that end, Flexner succeeded in aligning medical schools along the university model as the standard for all medical schools. This orientation had its origins in German medical education as American educators and physicians became enamored of university medical schools in Europe. One of the results is that schools ignored what they considered “outdated and unscientific methods,” so doctors received minimal nutritional education and defaulted to treatments primarily with pharmaceuticals. Flexner writes:

The only authoritative competent to pass on such values are trained experts. The entire matter would be in their hands if the state boards should in every state delegate the function of evaluating entrance credentials to competently organized institutions of learning.

Such institutions of learning accepted the pharmaceutical paradigm for medicine which was the inevitable result of germ theory and the rise of science, in addition to a class of “experts” believing medicine was required to heal disease. The profit motive, as well, cannot be ruled out given the financial backers of the report were two of the richest men in the world, Carnagie and John D. Rockefeller. They certainly had philanthropic motives and believed in the cause, but they also likely believed they could bring the production model to the medical profession through the primary cures of disease, medicine.

The rise of what we now call Big Pharma was built into this new university model of medical education. After the report, funding was only given to schools following its recommendations. Those that didn’t get the money couldn’t compete, so alternative schools of medicine disappeared. The challenge with nutritional or holistic healthcare is that there’s no money in it. You can’t patent something readily available from nature like you can something from a lab, which is why I was almost 61 years old before I first heard the saying, “food is medicine.” In addition to the challenge of the profit motive, insurance companies believe they have no incentive to cover anything other than medicine, and they often won’t work with holistic doctors. Keeping people healthy so they don’t need medicine or medical care in the first place is a terrible business model!

Of course, Flexner and those who supported him had the best of intentions, as do those in the modern medical profession, but they were terribly naïve about the monster they were creating. When I read this sentence I had to laugh, sadly, especially in light of the entire Covid debacle:

Scientific medicine, therefore, has its eyes open; it takes its risks consciously; it does not cure defects of knowledge by partisan heat; it is free of dogmatism and open-armed to demonstration from whatever quarter.

Remember, this was written in 1910 when science was the unquestioned, benevolent, and all powerful god of the age who would never disappoint but only bring untold blessings to all the peoples of the earth, or something like that. Flexner and his supporters, including the entire Western cultural elite, missed the little fact that science is practiced, and its results applied and implemented, by sinful human beings. Thus it can never be free of “partisan heat” or “free of dogmatism,” and as we saw with Covid, it most definitely is not “open-armed to demonstration from whatever quarter.” In fact as currently practiced, modern medicine is the exact opposite of all these. If, for example, you question the efficacy of vaccines, you are automatically discounted as a “denier.” My journey, in fact, became filled with denialism, and I realized my health is ultimately my responsibility, my lifelong journey, and the learning never ends.

This doesn’t mean modern medicine doesn’t bring blessing because it does in abundance. If you get hit by a bus, have a heart attack, or some other catastrophic thing happens to you, modern medicine is the greatest. Medicine when it’s necessary, like treating infections with anti-biotics, is priceless. We just need to realize our health is up to us, and God has provided everything we need to be healthy and productive into old age. Then we will get to spend eternity in a new resurrected body free from pain, disease, and death.