
The Christian Nation and the Westphalian Nation-State
If you want to create some consternation among some “right thinking” people just use the phrase Christian nationalism, or God forbid, say you are a Christian nationalist. You’ll be branded as either a white supremacist by leftists, or a Theonomist by conservatives. Unfortunately, most Christians and conservatives believe a secular nation and pluralism are the only way conflicting religious perspectives can live peacefully together. We’ll discuss this myth of neutrality below, but I’ve even heard a Christian nation described as an oxymoron, a contradiction in terms. Jesus begs to differ.
The nation-state is one of many gifts of Christianity to the world. The idea of a nation with identifiable sovereign borders is a relatively new phenomena in the history of the world. Prior to the 17th century, borders were determined by military power, and as power dynamics shifted among peoples, so did borders. This began to change in the 17th century as the result of a European peace treaty, the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which ended the Thirty Years’ and Eighty Years’ Wars.
So taken for granted by most people, the nation-state is assumed to be the natural order of things—it is not. The reason? Babel. Because of sinful human nature, Babel teaches us that hubris will always tend to make people consolidate power to unbiblical tyrannical ends unless they are countered with forces that limit their power, something America’s Founders understood better than any thinkers the world has ever known.
Because the nation-state is un-natural, it is fragile, and in our day is uniquely under assault by transnationalist globalist elites who see borders as inhibiting their Babel-like agenda. Put simply, nationalism is an obstacle to the goals of the globalist technocratic elite, the builders of a modern globalist babel. Given this natural sinful tendency to centralize and absolutize power, Christians are obligated to be nationalists and need to recognize the Satanic threat of globalism.
The Characteristics of a Nation
A nation is more than borders. It is first a local experience because loyalty and commitment comes from the bottom up: first the family, then the locality, town, or city, then the county, the state, and finally the nation. There is no further Christian obligation beyond that. The organic nature of the nation is described well by Stephen Wolfe in his book, The Case for Christian Nationalism:
[T]he nation, properly understood, is a particular people with ties of affection that bind them to each other and their place of dwelling; and thus nationalism is the nation acting for its national good, which includes conversation of those ties of affection.
Affection is the operative word. We can’t have a real personal devotion and loyalty to an abstraction like a United Nations or European Union. Affection is only possible with what we know in some measure personally, intimately. This sense of peoplehood, if you will, is inevitable and necessary in a world full of nations. Yoram Hazony further defines nation in his book, Conservatism, A Rediscovery.
A number of tribes with a shared heritage, usually including a common language or religious traditions, and a past history of joining together against common enemies—characteristics that permit tribes so united to understand themselves as a community distinct from other such communities that are their neighbors.
Obliterating these God-created connections and distinctions is ultimately impossible. Globalists either ignore or denigrate such attachments because they stand in their way of global Utopia.
The push back against this drive to globalize the world began to manifest itself with Brexit, the movement in the UK to pull out of the European Union. The election to confirm England’s exit from the EU was on June 23, 2016, but the debate had been going on for a while. Open borders, a globalist necessity, and mass immigration from non-European countries, much of it illegal, was a driver of Brexit and other nationalist movements throughout Europe. The two sides were predictable and were the precursor to the same dynamic leading to the very unlikely election of President Trump later that year.
The Necessity of a Christian Nation
If you’re a Christian and you believe in nations (i.e., you’re not a globalist), I contend you should be a Christian nationalist. The concept of the nation, or specific people groups, is an important biblical concept, the word being used well over 600 times. In fact, when Jesus gave what we’ve come to call the Great Commission to the eleven in Matthew 28, he told them to make disciples of all nations (ethnos in Greek), not all people (anthropos in Greek). In Acts 17 the Apostle Paul lays out the case for the God ordained nature of nations:
26 From one man he made all the nations, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he marked out their appointed times in history and the boundaries of their lands.
You can’t get more biblically unequivocal than that!
This secular myth of neutrality leads many Christians to mistakenly believe religious freedom means a type of pluralism where all faiths are equally welcome at a neutral public table with mutual respect and tolerance for all. A perfect example of this misconception comes from David French, a one-time conservative who became an implacable foe of Donald Trump (joining what came to be called the NeverTrumpers). This quote comes from an article in the left-wing Atlantic magazine titled, “Pluralism Has Life Left in It Yet”:
The magic of the American republic is that it can create space for people who possess deeply different world views to live together, work together, and thrive together, even as they stay true to their different religious faiths and moral convictions.
This magic world of America French invents out of whole cloth never existed, because in God’s created reality, currently fallen and chock full of sinners, such a pluralist Utopia does not and cannot exist. In fact, America was founded as a Protestant republic with shared biblical assumptions and the Bible as its foundational religious text. Most people don’t realize, obviously including David French, that for the first approximately 170 years of America’s history most states had anti-blasphemy and sabbath laws. Doesn’t sound very magical or pluralistic to me!
What French and others like him seem to miss is that we are living in an era when America’s (and the West’s) established religion is secular progressivism, otherwise known as wokeness (i.e., cultural Marxism). It has its own anti-blasphemy laws, as we know all too well. Vishal Mangalwadi in his wonderful book, The Book that Made Your World: How the Bible Created the Soul of Western Civilization, states an unalterable fact of existence:
Every civilization is tied together by a final source of authority that gives meaning and ultimate intellectual, moral, and social justification to its culture.
He suggests there have been at least five sources of such authority in Western civilization, the current being “individualistic nihilism.” Any society basing its ultimate source of authority on separate and isolated individuals, and their choices as the ultimate or highest good of existence, will in fact lead to nothingness(nihilism) and the despair and frustration associated with it. There is plenty of evidence of this. In 2022 almost 50,000 people committed suicide in America, and triple that number tried. We have the sacred choice of the individual as the final source of authority and the nihilism it creates to thank for these tragic statistics.
Every nation has some kind of religious establishment, some foundation upon which social order or disorder is based, and the consequences will naturally follow. As Christians we can either stick our heads in the sand and pretend neutrality exists, or start thinking seriously and rigorously about what a Christian nation would look like. We can’t know this because God only gives us the broad contours of the blessings righteousness brings to a nation, and every nation is different, but civic and cultural engagement is a necessity if this is to happen.
The reason we are where we are is that Enlightenment rationalism bequeathed to us liberalism to one degree or another (a complicated discussion). Liberalism with the God of Scripture in Christ, largely because of the Puritans and the First Great awakening, gave us America; liberalism without Him gave us the French Revolution. There is no in between. Secularism will always eventually allow no competitors in the public square. Americans were sold a bill of goods that once secularism pushed the God of the Bible off the public and cultural stage all would be sweetness and light. It hasn’t turned out that way because it never could. Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord, Scripture tells us, the nation that abandons Him, well, America circa 2020s is the result.
In the West we will either have Christian nations or secular nations, and secular nations will always tend to totalitarian because they have rejected the only true basis of liberty—the Bible, God’s law and word.
The Kingdom, the Church, and the Nation
Related to the issue of a Christian nation, is the problem of the modern confusion in conflating the Church with the kingdom of God. Until recently I believed the kingdom was the church, and the church the kingdom. This is not true. The kingdom of God or heaven is God’s rule or reign on earth brought by God’s redeemed people, not by church bodies as such. It is also not just saved Christians who advance God’s kingdom on earth, but saved Christians who apply their biblical and Christian worldview to every square inch of life, a la Abraham Kuyper who said, “There is not a square inch in the whole domain of our human existence over which Christ, who is Sovereign over all, does not cry, Mine!” God’s kingdom is also advanced by non-Christians who embrace Christian values and assumptions about the nature of reality and apply them. Worldviews have consequences, and our job as faithful Christians is to inculcate the Christian worldview into the culture, which is a people’s beliefs externalized and applied. The ultimate goal is people imbibing a Christian worldview instead of the poison of the secular woke cultural Marxism they currently do. No culture, like its government, is worldview neutral.
I long struggled with what as conservative and Evangelical Christians we’re trying to accomplish. What exactly is a Christian society or nation? What does such a thing look like? Is it fifty-one percent of the people being professing Christians? I was always frustrated because I knew intuitively what makes a nation Christian isn’t just the number of Christians. I’m not sure there’s ever been a time in Western history where the vast majority of people in the nations of Christendom were Christians, yet the people, Christian or not, considered themselves living in Christian nations. Most Christians seem to believe if we just convert enough people things will magically change for the better. It doesn’t work that way.
Unfortunately, we’re often confronted with a false dilemma. Either we go back to a form of Christendom where a particular Church or denomination had ultimate authority in the culture with the associated tyranny, or accept that we live in a secular pluralist age where at best we at least get a seat at the societal table. These, thankfully, are not the only two choices; I would argue neither is the Christian choice—unless our goal is totalitarianism. Neither Christian nor pagan (i.e., secular) totalitarianism lead to good results as the historical evidence makes painfully clear. There are, however, only two ultimate choices—the rule of God or the rule of man—God or paganism. It is abundantly clear how the latter works, but there is unfortunately an abundance of confusion about how the former would work in the modern world. The rule of God in a nation isn’t really difficult to understand, but ignorance and secular programming makes it so. Bringing such a reality to pass is another story.
Christians who have a problem with “Christian nationalism” warn us that America is not a theocracy like ancient Israel, but I don’t know any Christian who believes it is. God, however, has a relationship to every country on earth, and blesses or curses those nations to the degree they look to Him as the ultimate governor and ruler of the nation. You can have either a Christian nation or a pagan nation; there is no in between. We can either be a nation with a Christian self-conception, as America was until the mid-20th century, or a secular self-conception, as we’ve been ever since.
This makes it war on two fronts, cultural and political. I realized some time ago just focusing on politics alone was a fool’s errand. I overcompensated for a while thinking it was all about the culture which eventually trickles down to politics. It is, however, very much a two-way street—culture affects politics, and politics affects culture. But for most Evangelical Christians, once you get past the personal salvation of someone’s soul and start talking about Christianizing the nation, they get nervous, and to the theocracy charge they go. We need to change that. A Christian nation has no choice but to be a theocracy, properly understood.
What Exactly is a Theocracy?
Which brings us to the meaning of this word that causes so much consternation and keeps too many Christians from embracing the necessity of a Christian nation.
First, what does theocracy mean? It comes from a Greek compound word for God (theos) and rule (krateo) which doesn’t sound so bad, right? If we’re Christians, all of reality is theocracy, but throughout history those acting in the name of God gave the term its tyrannical baggage. According to Mark Rushdoony,
Theocracy is falsely assumed to be a take-over of government, imposing biblical law on an unwilling society. This presupposes statism which is the opposite of theocracy. Because modern people only understand power as government, they assume that’s what we want.
The key words are “imposing” and “unwilling.” All secularists, be they religious or not, believe if we bring Christianity and God’s law into the public square, we will be “imposing” our faith and it’s moral values on others. Believing this, skeptics of an ignorant type make the statement, “You can’t legislate morality,” which is like saying, you can’t cook food; food is what you cook, as morality is what you legislate. The only issue is whose morality, and from whence it comes.
In fact, as we see clearly, the secular leftist state is tyrannically imposing its morality, the latest example being transgenderism where the state by force of law dictates that biological males must be allowed to compete in girls and women’s sports, and use women’s bathrooms. Talk about “imposing” law on an “unwilling” society! Few people in Western societies are secular progressive absolutist woke leftists who believe sex is merely a social construct changeable at will, yet the woke have no problem imposing their policies on an unwilling society. In fact, God’s law is always and everywhere for all time a reflection of His being, and He calls all to obedience to it if they are to experience His blessing and true human flourishing.
The rule of law informed by God’s law is a distinctly Christian notion over against the will to power of paganism, and because of it, liberty was established in Christian Western civilization. It’s either God and liberty, or secularism and tyranny or anarchy, the logical conclusion of man’s law without God. Secularism is a jealous god, and it will have no other gods before it which is why a proper understanding of theocracy is so important. Christians must understand something the Christians of the first three centuries of the church understood all too well: “Jesus Christ is Lord” is a political statement. If they refused to confess Caesar as Lord they were seen by the Roman state as a threat to its absolute power. This is exactly where we are in the 21st century West.
Once we get rid of the distortion, then what makes a specific nation Christian is one ruled by the law of God under Christ. What it does not mean is being ruled by the church institute. Medieval Catholicism gave us that model, which was rejected in due course by the English from Alfred the Great to Magna Carta, to the Glorious Revolution, and eventually to America’s founding. But what would the rule of God’s law in a society look like? To flesh that out in such a short space is impossible, and there is and will always be much disagreement. My goal is to persuade Christians to simply be open to the concept of the law of God in Christ as the only Christian option against secular totalitarianism.
Finally, I want to establish the spiritual nature of this enterprise, of building a Christian nation under God’s law in Christ. It can only come when a growing number of conservative Christians take the Great Commission and the dominion and cultural mandates seriously. It will be the work of the Holy Spirit as He applies Christ’s redemption to His people. There are enough serious Bible believing Christians in American to make a fundamental difference, far more than the woke leftists who dominated politics and culture in the Biden years. The question is the will to do it, and the theological justification for it. There are also a growing number of non-Christians, agnostics, and atheists who affirm Christianity as central to, and necessary for, Western civilization to succeed. In other words, we have allies who are not Christians in this existential war against the totalitarian left, and this is deeply significant. Part of the process is educating non-Christians that true liberty of conscience and freedom of religion is only available in a Christian nation whose ultimate authority is the word and law of God, not the church nor the state.
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