My favorite metaphor for the Christian life is puzzles and puzzle pieces. Without the big picture into which all the pieces fit, the puzzle pieces are, well, puzzling. Without God in Christ, the ultimate big picture, the pieces never seem to fit. We look at one piece and wonder what in the world it means. Life becomes like a Woody Allen movie ending in frustration or resignation. Why do you think he always seems to have that look of sadness on his face? A God-less universe can do that to a person. This metaphor is why my favorite quotation from C.S. Lewis is on the cover of my first book, The Persuasive Christian Parent:
I believe in Christianity as I believe that the sun has risen, not only because I see it, but because by it I see everything else.
Even in the conundrum that is life, in Christ it can make sense because we can trust him in his Almighty power and goodness and wisdom to make sense of it for us. And in him the pieces really do fit, which is why I was so confident in raising our children in the Christian faith. I knew they could never find in any other worldview the comprehensive understanding of every single puzzle piece of life, even those that take some time to figure out, and those to which we’re just not given answers. Which brings me to the history of redemption, and its importance for our faith.
That history is found in our Bibles, and our Christian life has no meaning apart from the entire story we read there. The Bible is God’s breathed out revelation, his word, about what this puzzling thing called life means. Without it, we are stuck in our own minds with the pieces trying to figure it all out, an impossibility as the history of philosophy and religion apart from Christianity makes abundantly clear. Without revelation all we have is speculation after endless speculation, and more endless speculation. What makes one speculation right and another wrong? Who knows! Nobody. That’s the point. Without revelation we’re stuck in a box with no exit or window for light to shine in. Eventually, the only way to determine right and wrong is power, might making right, which is why life in a God-less universe is so dangerous. Inside the box we initially got paganism, and through the Hebrews and the Jewish religion’s fulfillment in Jesus Christ, paganism was eventually defeated in Christendom. In the 18th century, however, revelation was rejected and mankind decided it liked life in the box better by trying to figure it out through reason, and secularism became the new paganism. We’re right back to might makes right and the will to power.
Thus the necessity of God’s revelation in Scripture and Christ, not only for civilization to survive, but also to thrive. This starts with each individual Christian understanding the importance of redemptive history for their own faith, and then together we’ll be capable to obey Christ’s command to the Apostles to disciple the nations. Being familiar with the ultimate big picture is critical if we’re to successfully be part of advancing God’s kingdom on earth, also in the Lord’s Prayer in obedience to Christ’s command.
What Exactly is the History of Redemption?
That’s an easy question to answer. We find the entire story in Genesis 1-3. God created the world good, man rebelled, everything went to hell, and man’s Creator promised to make it all right. The story plays itself out from Genesis 4 to Revelation 22, and we are right smack dab in the middle of it! Of course there are a few details, and they make all the difference. It is unfortunate so few Christians know those details because all those pieces make the frustrating pieces we have to deal with every day fit so much better.
I was prompted to write this because of a conversation I had recently with a family member. She asked me what a zealot was because someone told her Jesus was a zealot and not what the gospels proclaim him to be, Lord and Savior. It was gratifying that I knew enough through my years of study and learning to walk her through the history of Israel, and how the zealots came to exist as a response to Israel’s oppression by foreign powers.
Oppression in Israel’s history is a critical part of redemptive history. God called Abraham and the Patriarchs specifically to lead them into 430 years of slavery, which is a very odd thing for a god to do to his people in the ancient world. And four centuries is a very long time! In the history of His people, God often communicates in metaphor, and this was an extended metaphor for the slavery and bondage of sin. The Exodus continued the metaphor. The only possibility of escape and freedom from the bondage of sin is revealed to be the power of God. We get a strong hint of God’s power, not our choosing, being the operative principle in the redemption from sin in the life of Abraham. He’s called by God from his homeland to go to a land He will show him. God makes a covenant promise with Abram that his offspring will be like the stars in the sky and sand on the seashore, and be a blessing for all the peoples of the earth (Gen. 12). He then tells Abram he will fulfill both sides of the covenant promise, His side and man’s (Gen. 15).
The problem is that Abraham, his name since changed to mean, “farther of a multitude” (Gen. 17), and his wife Sarah are old, and not just old but really old, as in it is impossible for them to have children old. God made the initial promise when Sarah was already beyond child bearing age, but he then made them wait 25(!) years before Isaac would be born. That would put Abraham at 100 and Sarah at 90. Having a child at that age is obviously impossible. A year prior to the birth, God in the form of three men visited the childless couple and said He would return in a year and Sarah would have a son. She laughs because the idea is ridiculous, and He asks the rhetorical question: “Is anything too hard for the Lord?” Of course not! God wanted to get across the point that with man what is impossible with God is made possible, and God made this abundantly clear throughout redemptive history.
After the Hebrews are freed from their slavery, they celebrated their deliverance every year, and still do, at Passover. For the Hebrews and the Jewish people to this day, the Exodus is central to their image as a people: they were never to be the slaves of anyone. Unfortunately, Jews who rejected Jesus as their Messiah failed to realize the Exodus was a metaphor for sin, not God’s promise that they would never experience political oppression. They also thought the promise was for a physical plot of land in the Middle East and not the entire earth. That is a big miss! Having misread God’s message, the Hebrews thought God’s promise was fulfilled 400 years later with King David and the glorious reign of Solomon, but as soon as Solomon died, everything started going back to hell. Israel split into the northern ten tribes, called Israel, its capital was Samaria, and the southern two kingdoms were called Judah with Jerusalem being their capital.
The Rise of the Prophets and Israel’s Oppression
As you read through the Old Testament it is vital that you connect what is going on with and through Israel to you as part of God’s chosen people in Christ. Remember and commit to memory Matthew 1:21, a verse vital to understanding where you fit in this vast history. The Lord appeared to Josph in a dream and told him that Mary “will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.” Jesus is the Greek form of the Hebrew name Joshua (Yeshua), which means The Lord Saves. Jesus didn’t come to try to save his people, or to make it possible; he came to make it actual. That’s what God does; He makes the impossible possible. We begin to see this much more clearly when the prophets come on the scene.
Israel’s civil war was a period of geopolitical conflict. Isaiah was the first prophet coming approximately 730 BC, and his writing is probably the most pointedly eschatological of all the prophets. The northern kingdom was destroyed in 722 by the Assyrians and the ten tribes scattered and lost to history. Judah lasts approximately another 150 years when Jerusalem is destroyed and the Babylonians take most of the people captive to Babylon. After 70 years, God brings the now called Jews back to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple and their religious life, and it stands until 70AD when it is destroyed by the Romans. This entire period is also metaphorically rich for our personal journey of faith. The prophets warn and promise, the people do well, then rebel, and this happens over and over, not unlike our own struggle with sin. God consistently promises that He will be their Savior because they obviously can’t save themselves. The verses promising this are practically innumerable, but Jeremiah 23:5,6 are a powerful reminder that this salvation in which we trust is God’s work in us out of which we work out our salvation with fear and trembling:
5 “The days are coming,” declares the Lord,
“when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch,
a King who will reign wisely
and do what is just and right in the land.
6 In his days Judah will be saved
and Israel will live in safety.
This is the name by which he will be called:
The Lord Our Righteousness.
This branch is Christ who is king now sitting at the right hand of the Almighty ruling over all powers and authorities to the end of ultimately fulling the redemption of His creation. Jews thought the references to Judah and Israel were literal references to land and the people who inhabit it instead of the salvation from sin. That is also a very big miss.
The Unexpected Messiah
Micah, the last prophet to speak God’s words, lived 430 years before John the Baptist arrived. He tells us about a messenger for the coming of the Lord which would be fulfilled in John. During those years of silence the concept of a Messianic Savior developed that had nothing to do with the actual Messiah who was born in Bethlehem, Jesus of Nazareth. Part of the reason had to do with what transpired for the people of Israel during those 400 years.
After the Babylonian exile (586-538BC), the Jews were ruled by the Persians until Alexander the Great defeated them in 333, who then conquered Judea shortly thereafter. When Alexander died, the Jews were ruled by a combination of Greco-Macedonian kings, until finally in 160s to 150s they gained some semblance of independence under the Maccabees. Less than 100 years later, however, the Romans gained control over Judea; and in 37, Herod the Great, a questionable Jew, was appointed “King of the Jews” by the Romans. There was a whole cross current of ideas among the Jews trying to deal with this centuries long upheaval, some through violence, some isolation, others religious observance.
As a people whose self-conception would not allow slavery and oppression, living under hundreds of years of it developed a burning desire for Yahweh to send his Messiah to finally deliver them. There were many conflicting conceptions of who this Messiah would be, but everyone agreed he would be a human ruler like David anointed by God (the meaning of Messiah) to wipe out Israel’s enemies and finally restore Israel to its former glory. The disciples were still thinking along these lines when just prior the ascension, they asked Jesus, “Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?” The Zealots were among the most, well, zealous of those fighting against the oppression of the Romans, and they often used violence to do it. Needless to say a Messiah like Jesus was the last thing they would ever accept.
The History of Israel and Me
From a Christian perspective, we can see in this broad overview of redemptive history God’s plans through it all to save me personally. I wasn’t an afterthought who God would possibly be save if I just made the right choice. God choose me! And in Christ before the world was even created. Once God choose Abram to get the ball rolling, it only took 2000(!) years for the plan to unfold to fulfillment. We have much to learn from all of that time, and the more we learn about it the more profound will that fulfillment be in us. As Agustine famously said, “The New (Testament) is in the old concealed, the Old (Testament) is in the New revealed.” The more effort we put into unearthing what is concealed, the more what is revealed will absolutely blow us away, not to mention transform our lives and our world.
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