
Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s Conversion and a Typical Christian Response
I recently did a post on the surprising conversion of ex-atheist Ayaan Hirsi Ali to Christianity. A response by John Daniel Davidson at The Federalist is insightful, but it is also a great object lesson in the constricted view of Christianity common among many modern Christians. Ayaan became a Christian primarily for two reasons. A Muslim, after 9/11 she lost her faith and became a passionate defender of the liberal West against tyrannical Islam. She realized over the last twenty years that atheism could never sustain what the Judeo-Christian tradition gave to the world in Christian Western civilization. She also found that living in a God-less universe without any spiritual solace unendurable. I think she could relate to the reason C.S. Lewis rejected atheism for Christianity. He said he believed in Christianity as he believed the sun had risen, not because he saw it but because by it he saw everything else. Without Christianity the puzzle pieces of life never fit, but with it they finally made sense. This is the power Ayaan now sees in Christianity
What She discovered in Christianity was not only a worldview that explains everything, but a faith whose purpose is to transform the fallen world into which it was born. Davidson like most Christians sees Christianity as primarily personal with spiritual implications for the individual, and only secondarily with implications for society. Davidson’s assessment of her conversion is a good example of this myopic view of Christianity:
She’s also right about that but wrong to think Christianity is primarily about countering those forces or preserving a particular civilizational or political project. As great as Western civilization is, it arose as a byproduct of the Christian faith, the sole object of which is communion with Almighty God by means of salvation through Jesus Christ. Things like freedom of speech, rule of law, and human rights are fruits of the Christian faith, but they are not what Christianity is about.
This is right and wrong, unfortunately more wrong than right. It is right because of course all the wonderful blessings we experience in the West are because of Christianity, as Tom Holland persuasively argues in his book Dominion. It is wrong because the fruit he speaks of is most definitely what Christianity is about.
Societal Transformation is Not a Byproduct of Christianity
Davidson uses the word “byproduct” for the blessings that Christianity brought to the world. That word is defined as, “a secondary and sometimes unexpected or unintended result.” Although most Christians believe this, and I too believed it until not long ago, I now believe it is not the biblical position. Jesus himself tells us the reason for his coming, and it wasn’t merely personal salvation that would somehow spill over into society. I quote these words a lot and sound like a broken record, but Jesus said them for a reason. When he taught his disciples to pray he said (Matthew 6, KJV):
Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.
10 Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
Then we will connect this with the Great Commission in Matthew 28:
18 Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.”
Again, like most Christians, I saw Jesus’ command to the eleven disciples in purely personal terms, but Matthew has Jesus use the Greek word ethnos- ἔθνος, which means a race, people, or nation, not a comparable Greek word for individual. And then they are to teach this conglomeration of peoples to “obey everything” he commanded them—not some things, but everything. And Jesus prefaces his command with his declaration of ultimate authority in heaven and on earth, then he says, Therefore, go. Are we to believe he will not exercise that authority for the advancement of his kingdom? That he’s telling his disciples to give it the good old college try, but you know, this fallen world is pretty bad and ultimately evil will win until I come back at the end of time to save the day? I believe those questions answer themselves. And the Apostle Paul tells us the kingdom of God is a matter “of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.” How by any definition is societal transformation in all this a “byproduct” of Christianity? It seems like that’s the point.
I do understand Davidson’s concern, an understandable one shared by many Christians. It is that we’re going to primarily make Christianity about politics or “social justice,” and the gospel of salvation and personal holiness becomes secondary. Fair enough, but fallen saved sinners do this all time with all kinds of things. Tim Keller often said, idolatry is turning good things into ultimate things. Just because people do this doesn’t make those things not good. And this is far more than a debate about the Christian worldview applying to all of life, which I’ve always believed. Rather, it turns on the authority of Christ he earned by his life, death, resurrection, and ascension to take back his creation from the devil. Satan’s temptation of Jesus in Matthew 4 is instructive to make my point:
8 Again, the devil took him to a very high mountain and showed him all the kingdoms of the world and their splendor. 9 “All this I will give you,” he said, “if you will bow down and worship me.”
At that point in redemptive history Satan had the authority to do this, but Jesus rejected him because his mission was to take “the kingdoms of the world” back! Thus his preface to the Great Commission, and Paul’s assertion in Ephesians 1 that Jesus is seated at God’s right hand exercising all authority in this present age as well as the age to come. That is the issue, bringing Christ’s authority into all things, not just Christian influence as a byproduct of personal salvation.
I think it will be helpful for those who aren’t sure about all this to get a redemptive-historical perspective on what I’m saying. The battle waged for this world, the battle in which we are engaged whether we like it or not, or whether we’re even aware of it or not, is a civilizational battle between Christianity and paganism. There is no in between, as some think of secularism. It is either/or.
Christianity Verses Paganism
The war against paganism in redemptive history also goes back a very long way. This is the same war over ultimate things we fight today—it only looks more sophisticated.
The Bible doesn’t inform us how long it was from Babel (Gen. 11) to God calling Abram out of Ur of the Chaldeans, but it’s only one chapter. In the first verse of Genesis 12, the Lord says to Abram: “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you,” and “all the peoples on earth will be blessed through you.” That land was Canaan and it encompassed modern day Israel and surrounding lands. The blessings would eventually encompass the entire world starting with God developing a covenant relationship with Abram (Gen. 15). The Lord declared through a covenant ceremony that He would be responsible for both sides of the agreement making it a legally binding contract in the ancient world. In Genesis 3, the Lord had promised the seed of the woman would bruise or strike the serpent’s head, and we see here the beginnings of the fulfillment of that promise. Amid a heathen world, God would use one man to create a people for Himself. In due course, this people would defeat the dominant pagan religions of the ancient world to create a modern world where the knowledge of God would one day stretch throughout the earth.
In the ensuing 2000 years, God’s plans didn’t appear to be progressing much. After His promises to Abram in Genesis 12 and 15, then confirming his covenant in the sign of circumcision (17) and changing his name to Abraham (means father of many), God put him through the ultimate test with Isaac (22). When Abraham passed the test, the Lord confirmed His promise yet again:
17 I will surely bless you and make your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky and as the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the cities of their enemies, 18 and through your offspring all nations on earth will be blessed, because you have obeyed me.”
The entire history of Israel is the story of one battle after another in this religious i.e., spiritual, war. From the beginning of Israel’s identity as a people, they vacillate between embracing the idolatry and paganism of the surrounding nations, or Yahweh and the true worship of God. The story seems to end without an ending in the last book of the Old Testament, Malachi, but it points forward to the messenger of the one who would bring ultimate victory over the enemies of God’s people. In 3:1 we are introduced to Yahweh’s messenger:
“I will send my messenger, who will prepare the way before me. Then suddenly the Lord you are seeking will come to his temple; the messenger of the covenant, whom you desire, will come,” says the Lord Almighty.
Four hundred years later John the Baptist turned out to be the messenger, and Malachi tells us this will be the beginning of something big, a momentous salvific moment in the history of redemption:
5 “See, I will send the prophet Elijah to you before that great and dreadful day of the Lord comes. 6 He will turn the hearts of the parents to their children, and the hearts of the children to their parents; or else I will come and strike the land with total destruction.”
And Jesus, as he does in his often cryptic way, confirms this in Matthew 11 :
14 And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come. 15 He who has ears, let him hear.
At the time Jesus appeared on the scene, victory over God’s enemies certainly didn’t appear immanent. Israel was a small backwater province in an obscure corner of the Roman Empire, the Romans being only their latest oppressors. They certainly didn’t resemble the stars in the sky or the sand on the seashore promised to Abraham two thousand years previously
Jesus’ disciples were convinced he was the long-awaited Messiah who would fulfill God’s covenant promise and give his people victory over their enemies, finally ushering in God’s kingdom reign on earth. Prior to the resurrection, they didn’t realize the Messiah’s immediate concerns were not geopolitical, but rather saving His people from their sins (Matt. 1:21). When Jesus was crucified on a cross, hung on a tree indicating he was under God’s curse (Deut. 21:23, Gal. 3:13), they knew he could not be their long-awaited Messiah—until the third day. Jesus then explained to them how the entire Old Testament is about him (Luke 24), which would include the promise to multiply Abraham’s seed beyond human ability to count. The geopolitical and cultural implications would take time to become apparent as God’s kingdom advanced and the church grew like leaven in a very large batch of dough (Matt. 13:31-35).
The Apostles and the New Testament Church also didn’t have geopolitics and culture on their minds because they expected Jesus to come back within their lifetimes. We see in Acts and the Epistles how this new Christian faith would influence their actions toward the political powers of the day, but it wouldn’t be until well into the second century when it became apparent Jesus might not be coming back soon after all. Christian thinkers would need to explore more fully the implications of Christianity for society.
This became imperative when, against all expectations, Constantine converted to Christianity in the early fourth century, and Christianity was declared the official religion of the Roman Empire in 380 AD by Emperor Theodosius I. The implications for Christianity on society became even more imperative when in the early fifth century the Goths sacked Rome and overran the Roman Empire. The pagans blamed the Christians and their strange religion for angering the gods and bringing the downfall of the Empire. A robust defense of Christianity was required, and Augustine, the great Bishop of Hippo (northern Africa), mounted one in his erudite tome, The City of God. This influential work would reverberate down through the ages as Christians realized there were no easy answers to the questions posed by those who inhabited a heavenly city and how they would engage with the earthly city. It seemed the pagans, though, would again be the dominant force in Europe, and God’s promise to Abraham delayed yet again.
The Defeat of Paganism
However, the pagans didn’t win. Through St. Patrick and the Irish, to English King Alfred the Great, to the history of England from Magna Carta to the Glorious Revolution and the establishment of the Rule of Law, to America’s founding, God’s kingdom was advancing and paganism defeated. Paganism started making it’s great comeback in the Enlightenment, and its full fruition finally established in the 21st century secular West. Make no mistake, secularism is paganism, and as I said above there is no in between. We will either be ruled by the tyranny and will to power of paganism, or the liberty of Christ in the rule of God’s law. As I’ve heard Doug Wilson say, it’s either Christ or chaos.
This spiritual war, and it is ultimately spiritual, started at the fall, and the first shot across the Satanic bow was God’s promise to Abraham in Genesis 12. For the next 4,000 years the war has been between God’s redeemed people and the pagans, and only one of these people can rule the earth. God assured victory for His people in Genesis 15 when he made a unilateral covenant promise to Abram. He would fulfill both sides of the agreement and give Abram and his descendants the land of promise. This land purchased by Christ, his very own creation, is the land on which you and I stand!
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